Break-even units
BE Units = Fixed Costs / (Price − Variable Cost)
Each unit sold contributes its contribution margin toward covering fixed costs. Break-even is where total revenue equals total cost.
Step-by-step
- 1
Enter fixed costs
Rent, salaries, overhead that do not vary with units sold.
- 2
Enter variable cost and price
Per-unit cost and selling price.
- 3
Add expected sales
Optional forecast to see profit and margin of safety.
- 4
Calculate
See break-even units, revenue, and crossover chart.
Worked example: $10,000 fixed costs
Fixed $10,000/mo, variable $15/unit, price $35/unit.
- Contribution margin = $20/unit
- Break-even = 10,000 ÷ 20 = 500 units
Break-even at 500 units or $17,500 revenue.
Key definitions
- Contribution margin
- Selling price minus variable cost per unit.
- Margin of safety
- How much sales can drop below forecast before hitting break-even.
Common use cases
- New product launches
- Startup planning
- Service business pricing
Tips
- Price must exceed variable cost or break-even is impossible.
- Include all fixed costs — rent, insurance, base salaries.
Common mistakes
Mixing monthly and annual fixed costs
Fix: Keep fixed costs and sales volume in the same time period.
Forgetting hidden variable costs
Fix: Include shipping, commissions, and materials per unit.